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1 the nineteenth century saw the rise of our literature
Общая лексика: девятнадцатый век был свидетелем расцвета нашей литературыУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > the nineteenth century saw the rise of our literature
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2 the novel is set in nineteenth-century London
English-Dutch dictionary > the novel is set in nineteenth-century London
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3 (the theory became fully appreciated only) in the late nineteenth century
Математика: в конце девятнадцатого столетияУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > (the theory became fully appreciated only) in the late nineteenth century
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4 the theory became fully appreciated only in the late nineteenth century
Математика: теория была оценена по достоинствуУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > the theory became fully appreciated only in the late nineteenth century
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5 in the late nineteenth century
Математика: (the theory became fully appreciated only) в конце девятнадцатого столетияУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > in the late nineteenth century
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6 ♦ century
♦ century /ˈsɛntʃərɪ/n.1 secolo: the nineteenth century, il secolo diciannovesimo; century-old, secolare; vecchio di secoli; mid-century, della (o verso la) metà del secolo● (bot.) century plant, agave americana; aloe americana. -
7 nineteenth
1) (one of nineteen equal parts.) decimonono2) ((also adjective) the last of nineteen (people, things etc); the next after the eighteenth.) decimonononineteenth num decimonovenotr[naɪn'tiːnɵ]1 decimonono,-a1 en decimonono lugar1 (in series) decimonono,-a2 (fraction) decimonono; (one part) decimonona parte nombre femenino Table 1SMALLNOTA/SMALL See also sixth/Table 1nineteenth [naɪn'ti:nɵ] adj: decimonoveno, decimononothe nineteenth century: el siglo diecinueve1) : decimonoveno m, -na f; decimonono m, -na f (en una serie)2) : diecinueveavo m, diecinueveava parte fadj.• decimonono, -a adj.• decimonoveno, -a adj.• diecinueveavo, -a adj.n.• decimonoveno s.m.• diecinueve s.m.• diecinueve en fechas s.m.• diecinueveavo s.m.
I 'naɪn'tiːnθ
II
III
a) ( Math) diecinueveavo mb) ( part) diecinueveava parte f['naɪn'tiːnθ]ADJ decimonoveno, decimonono- the nineteenthsee fifth* * *
I ['naɪn'tiːnθ]
II
III
a) ( Math) diecinueveavo mb) ( part) diecinueveava parte f -
8 the observed of all observers
центр всеобщего внимания [шекспировское выражение; см. цитату]Ophelia: "O, what a noble mind is here o'erthrown! The courtier's, soldier's, scholar's eye, tongue, sword: The expectancy and rose of the fair state, The glass of fashion and the mould of form, The observ'd of all observers, - quite, quite down!" (W. Shakespeare, ‘Hamlet’, act III, sc. 1) — Офелия: "О, что за гордый ум! Сражен! Вельможи, Бойца, ученого - взор, меч, язык; Цвет и надежда радостной державы, Чекан изящества, зерцало вкуса, Пример примерных - пал, пал до конца! " (перевод М. Лозинского)
I mount upon the bridge, the observed of all observers. (R. L. Stevenson and L. Osbourne, ‘The Wrecker’, ch. VII) — Я взобрался на капитанский мостик и оказался в центре всеобщего внимания.
His striking figure was the observed of all observers in London at the Jubilee of 1897... (G. M. Trevelyan, ‘British History in the Nineteenth Century, 1782-1901’, ch. XXVI) — Импозантная фигура премьер-министра Канады сэра Уилфрида Лорье привлекала всеобщее внимание на юбилее королевы Виктории в 1897 году...
Large English-Russian phrasebook > the observed of all observers
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9 nineteenth
1. adjectiveneunzehnt...; see also academic.ru/23567/eighth">eighth 1.2. noun(fraction) Neunzehntel, das; see also eighth 2.* * *1) (one of nineteen equal parts.) das Neunzehntel2) (( also adjective) the last of nineteen (people, things etc); the next after the eighteenth.) der/die/das Neunzehnte* * *nine·teenth[ˌnaɪnˈti:n(t)θ]I. nII. adj neunzehnte(r, s)\nineteenth century neunzehntes JahrhundertIII. adv an neunzehnter Stelle* * *['naɪn'tiːnɵ]1. adj(in series) neunzehnte(r, s); (as fraction) neunzehntelthe nineteenth ( hole) (Golf inf) — das neunzehnte Loch (Bar im Klubhaus)
2. nNeunzehnte(r, s); (= fraction) Neunzehntel nt → also sixteenthSee:→ also sixteenth* * *nineteenth [-ˈtiːnθ]A adj1. neunzehnt(er, e, es):2. neunzehntelB s2. Neunzehntel n* * *1. adjectiveneunzehnt...; see also eighth 1.2. noun* * *adj.neunzehnt adj. -
10 the wish is father to the thought
"желание - отец мысли"; ≈ чего хочется, тому верится [шекспировское выражение; см. цитату]Prince: "I never thought to hear you speak again." King Henry: "Thy wish was father, Harry, to that thought..." (W. Shakespeare, ‘King Henry IV’, part II, act IV, sc. 4) — Принц Генрих: "Не мыслил вновь услышать вашу речь." Король Генрих: "Твое желанье эту мысль родило."
When the porter's wife... announced ‘A gentleman and a lady, sir,’ I had, as I often had in those days, for the wish was father to the thought, an immediate vision of sitters. (‘Nineteenth Century American Short Stories’, H. James, ‘The Real Thing’) — Когда жена привратника... объявила: "К вам джентльмен и леди", я вообразил, что это посетители, желающие заказать мне свои портреты, - как часто я воображал их себе в те дни. О чем думаешь, то и кажется!
Large English-Russian phrasebook > the wish is father to the thought
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11 the dead letter office
отдел невостребованных писем ( на почтамте), см. тж. a dead letter 2)The report was this: that Bartleby had been a subordinate clerk in the Dead Letter Office at Washington... (‘Nineteenth Century American Short Stories’, H. Melville, ‘Bartleby’) — По дошедшим до меня слухам, Бартлеби одно время работал в отделе невостребованных писем Вашингтонского почтамта...
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12 hold the ring
стоять за спиной участников конфликта, руководить борьбой, но не быть её участником...since the Temporal Power of the Pope over Central Italy suited Austria's game, it was restored, as if the eighteenth century had come back again. Protestant England set her seal to the arrangement, for the overthrow of which she was destined forty-five years later to hold the ring as an enthusiastic assistant. (G. M. Trevelyan, ‘British History in the Nineteenth Century, 1782 - 1901’, ch. VIII) —...восстановление власти Папы Римского над центральной Италией не мешало политической игре, которую вела Австрия, и эта власть с одобрения Англии была восстановлена, словно снова наступил XVIII век. Протестантская Англия одобрила то, с чем сорок пять лет спустя она будет изо всех сил бороться, стоя за спиной участников конфликта.
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13 enter the lists
вступить в борьбу, бросить или принять вызов [первонач. участвовать в рыцарском турнире]The very last man on this earth whom I would enter the lists to combat with gentle compliments and masked faces, is Mr. Chester, I do assure you. (Ch. Dickens, ‘Barnaby Rudge’, ch. XII) — Уверяю вас, что я ни за что на свете не вступлю в единоборство с мистером Честером по части изящных комплиментов, произносимых с опущенным забралом.
In 1870 he entered the lists, with prestige already lowered by a decade of failure... (G. M. Trevelyan, ‘British History in the Nineteenth Century, 1782 - 1901’, ch. XXIII) — В 1870 году Наполеон III начал войну с Пруссией. Престиж его к этому времени был уже подорван десятилетием неудач...
His face lost a little of its buoyant expression; he was not sure whether his leg was being pulled and it was important for him, having entered the lists under the eye of his lady, to come off best. (J. Wain, ‘Hurry On Down’ ch. III) — Лицо Хатчинса несколько омрачилось он не был уверен, нет ли тут подвоха и, кроме того, вступив в литературный турнир пред очами своей дамы, он боялся ударить лицом в грязь.
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14 loose the deeps
The question of slavery stirred the deeps of his compassion. (G. M. Trevelyan, ‘British History in the Nineteenth Century, 1782-1901’, ch. XXI) — Проблема рабства глубоко волновала Джона Брайта...
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15 ride the whirlwind
обуздать стихию, укротить бурю, справиться с враждебными силами, быть хозяином положенияThe Girondin orators... knew so little of themselves as to suppose that they would be able to ride the whirlwind for which they whistled. (G. M. Trevelyan, ‘British History in the Nineteenth Century’, 1782-1901, ch. IV) — Ораторы-жирондисты... не понимали своей слабости до такой степени, что надеялись обуздать те социальные силы, которые они сами пробудили к жизни.
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16 take the tide at the flood
использовать удобный момент, воспользоваться удобным случаем [шекспировское выражение; см. цитату]Brutus: "...there is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune... " (W. Shakespeare, ‘Julius Caesar’, act IV, sc. 3) — Брут: "...В делах людей прилив есть и отлив. С приливом достигаем мы успеха... " (перевод М. Зенкевича)
After a few tentative and resultless undertakings in the way of highway robbery... he made one or two modest essays in horse-herding, and it was in the midst of a promising enterprise of this character, and just as he had taken the tide in his affairs at its flood, that he made shipwreck. (‘Nineteenth Century American Short Stories’, A. Bierce, ‘The Famous Gilson Bequest’) — После нескольких неудачных попыток совершить грабеж на большой дороге... мистер Бентли раз или два попробовал поработать пастухом, но, как раз когда его дела уже начали идти в гору, он вдруг потерпел крушение.
Brutus, the ordinator of the saying, took the tide at the flood, and it led him and his friends on to death. (H. Lawson, ‘The Rising of the Court’, ‘Mateship in Shakespeare's Rome’) — Брут создал выражение "с приливом достигаем мы успеха"; но именно этот успех привел его и его друзей к гибели.
Large English-Russian phrasebook > take the tide at the flood
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17 Logical Positivism
There have been many opponents of metaphysics from the Greek sceptics to the empiricists of the nineteenth century. Criticisms of very diverse kinds have been set forth. Many have declared that the doctrine of metaphysics is false, since it contradicts our empirical knowledge. Others have believed it to be uncertain, on the ground that its problems transcend the limits of human knowledge. Many anti-metaphysicians have declared that occupation with metaphysical questions is sterile. Whether or not these questions can be answered, it is at any rate unnecessary to worry about them; let us devote ourselves entirely to the practical tasks which confront active men every day of their lives!The development of modern logic has made it possible to give a new and sharper answer to the question of the validity and justification of metaphysics. The researchers of applied logic or the theory of knowledge, which aim at clarifying the cognitive content of scientific statements and thereby the meanings of the terms that occur in the statements, by means of logical analysis, lead to a positive and to a negative result. The positive result is worked out in the domain of empirical science; the various concepts of the various branches of science are clarified; their formal, logical and epistemological connections are made explicit.In the domain of metaphysics, including all philosophy of value and normative theory, logical analysis yields the negative result that the al leged statements in this domain are entirely meaningless. Therewith a radical elimination of metaphysics is attained, which was not yet possible from the earlier anti-metaphysical standpoints. (Carnap, 1959, p. 60)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Logical Positivism
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18 Nash, John
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. c. 1752 (?) London, Englandd. 13 May 1835 Cowes, Isle of Wight[br]English architect and town planner.[br]Nash's name is synonymous with the great scheme carried out for his patron, the Prince Regent, in the early nineteenth century: the development of Marylebone Park from 1811 constituted a "garden city" for the wealthy in the centre of London. Although only a part of Nash's great scheme was actually achieved, an immense amount was carried out, comprising the Regent's Park and its surrounding terraces, the Regent's Street, including All Souls' Church, and the Regent's Palace in the Mall. Not least was Nash's exotic Royal Pavilion at Brighton.From the early years of the nineteenth century, Nash and a number of other architects took advantage of the use of structural materials developed as a result of the Industrial Revolution; these included wrought and cast iron and various cements. Nash utilized iron widely in the Regent Street Quadrant, Carlton House Terrace and at the Brighton Pavilion. In the first two of these his iron columns were masonry clad, but at Brighton he unashamedly constructed iron column supports, as in the Royal Kitchen, and his ground floor to first floor cast-iron staircase, in which he took advantage of the malleability of the material to create a "Chinese" bamboo design, was particularly notable. The great eighteenth-century terrace architecture of Bath and much of the later work in London was constructed in stone, but as nineteenth-century needs demanded that more buildings needed to be erected at lower cost and greater speed, brick was used more widely for construction; this was rendered with a cement that could be painted to imitate stone. Nash, in particular, employed this method at Regent's Park and used a stucco made from sand, brickdust, powdered limestone and lead oxide that was suited for exterior work.[br]Further ReadingTerence Davis, 1960, The Architecture of John Nash, Studio.——1966, John Nash: The Prince Regent's Architect, Country Life.Sir John Summerson, 1980, John Nash: Architect to King George IV, Allen \& Unwin.DY -
19 Seppings, Robert
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 11 December 1767 near Fakenham, Norfolk, Englandd. 25 April 1840 Taunton, Somerset, England[br]English naval architect who as Surveyor to the Royal Navy made fundamental improvements in wooden ship construction.[br]After the death of his father, Seppings at the age of 14 moved to his uncle's home in Plymouth, where shortly after (1782) he was apprenticed to the Master Shipwright. His indentures were honoured fully by 1789 and he commenced his climb up the professional ladder of the ship construction department of the Royal Dockyards. In 1797 he became Assistant Master Shipwright at Plymouth, and in 1804 he was appointed Master Shipwright at Chatham. In 1813 Sir William Rule, Surveyor to the Navy, retired and the number of surveyors was increased to three, with Seppings being appointed the junior. Later he was to become Surveyor to the Royal Navy, a post he held until his retirement in 1832. Seppings introduced many changes to ship construction in the early part of the nineteenth century. It is likely that the introduction of these innovations required positive and confident management, and their acceptance tells us much about Seppings. The best-known changes were the round bow and stern in men-of-war and the alteration to framing systems.The Seppings form of diagonal bracing ensured that wooden ships, which are notorious for hogging (i.e. drooping at the bow and stern), were stronger and therefore able to be built with greater length. This change was complemented by modifications to the floors, frames and futtocks (analogous to the ribs of a ship). These developments were to be taken further once iron composite construction (wooden sheathing on iron frames) was adopted in the United Kingdom mid-century.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS. Knighted (by the Prince Regent aboard the warship Royal George) 1819.BibliographyThroughout his life Seppings produced a handful of pamphlets and published letters, as well as two papers that were published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (1814 and 1820).Further ReadingA description of the thinking in the Royal Navy at the beginning of the nineteenth century can be found in: J.Fincham, 1851, A History of Naval Architecture, London; B.Lavery, 1989, Nelson's Navy. The Ships, Men and Organisation 1793–1815, London: Conway.T.Wright, 1982, "Thomas Young and Robert Seppings: science and ship construction in the early nineteenth century", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 53:55–72.Seppings's work can be seen aboard the frigate Unicorn, launched in Chatham in 1824 and now on view to the public at Dundee. Similarly, his innovations in ship construction can be readily understood from many of the models at the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich.FMW -
20 Graham, George
SUBJECT AREA: Horology[br]b. c.1674 Cumberland, Englandd. 16 November 1751 London, England[br]English watch-and clockmaker who invented the cylinder escapement for watches, the first successful dead-beat escapement for clocks and the mercury compensation pendulum.[br]Graham's father died soon after his birth, so he was raised by his brother. In 1688 he was apprenticed to the London clockmaker Henry Aske, and in 1695 he gained his freedom. He was employed as a journeyman by Tompion in 1696 and later married his niece. In 1711 he formed a partnership with Tompion and effectively ran the business in Tompion's declining years; he took over the business after Tompion died in 1713. In addition to his horological interests he also made scientific instruments, specializing in those for astronomical use. As a person, he was well respected and appears to have lived up to the epithet "Honest George Graham". He befriended John Harrison when he first went to London and lent him money to further his researches at a time when they might have conflicted with his own interests.The two common forms of escapement in use in Graham's time, the anchor escapement for clocks and the verge escapement for watches, shared the same weakness: they interfered severely with the free oscillation of the pendulum and the balance, and thus adversely affected the timekeeping. Tompion's two frictional rest escapements, the dead-beat for clocks and the horizontal for watches, had provided a partial solution by eliminating recoil (the momentary reversal of the motion of the timepiece), but they had not been successful in practice. Around 1720 Graham produced his own much improved version of the dead-beat escapement which became a standard feature of regulator clocks, at least in Britain, until its supremacy was challenged at the end of the nineteenth century by the superior accuracy of the Riefler clock. Another feature of the regulator clock owed to Graham was the mercury compensation pendulum, which he invented in 1722 and published four years later. The bob of this pendulum contained mercury, the surface of which rose or fell with changes in temperature, compensating for the concomitant variation in the length of the pendulum rod. Graham devised his mercury pendulum after he had failed to achieve compensation by means of the difference in expansion between various metals. He then turned his attention to improving Tompion's horizontal escapement, and by 1725 the cylinder escapement existed in what was virtually its final form. From the following year he fitted this escapement to all his watches, and it was also used extensively by London makers for their precision watches. It proved to be somewhat lacking in durability, but this problem was overcome later in the century by using a ruby cylinder, notably by Abraham Louis Breguet. It was revived, in a cheaper form, by the Swiss and the French in the nineteenth century and was produced in vast quantities.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1720. Master of the Clockmakers' Company 1722.BibliographyGraham contributed many papers to the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, in particular "A contrivance to avoid the irregularities in a clock's motion occasion'd by the action of heat and cold upon the rod of the pendulum" (1726) 34:40–4.Further ReadingBritten's Watch \& Clock Maker's Handbook Dictionary and Guide, 1978, rev. Richard Good, 16th edn, London, pp. 81, 84, 232 (for a technical description of the dead-beat and cylinder escapements and the mercury compensation pendulum).A.J.Turner, 1972, "The introduction of the dead-beat escapement: a new document", Antiquarian Horology 8:71.E.A.Battison, 1972, biography, Biographical Dictionary of Science, ed. C.C.Gillespie, Vol. V, New York, 490–2 (contains a résumé of Graham's non-horological activities).DV
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